Epilepsy: Also called seizure disorder, epilepsy is characterized by repeated seizures, that last anywhere from a few seconds to a few minutes, and can occur as often as several times a day. They are caused by a strong burst of electrical energy in the brain.
One every 100 children will experience some kind of seizure
More than 3 million people in the US have some form of epilepsy

Cerebral palsy: The term Cerebral Palsy refers to a group of neurological disorders appearing during infancy or early childhood, and that permanently affects the child's ability to coordinate body movements. CP will cause muscles to be weak and floppy or rigid and stiff. The origin of CP Lies in abnormalities in the brain.
Two out of every 1000 newborns will develop cerebral palsy

Autism Spectrum Disorder : A group of developmental disorders, where symptoms usually appear before the age of three. They are characterized by impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and non verbal communication, unusual and repetitive as well as severely limited activities or interests. Boys are four times more likely to develop autism then girls.
One or two every 1000 children are currently diagnosed with Autism

Spina Bifida: Also called cleft spine or open spine, Spina Bifida is the most common disabling birth defect in the United States. It is a type of neural tube defect, which is a problem with the spinal cord or its coverings.It usually results in nerve damage causing paralysis of the legs, learning difficulties, as well as urinary and bowel problems.
Almost one out of every 1000 children has Spina Bifida at birth.

West Syndrome: An uncommon to rare form of infantile spasms, also called generalized flexion epilepsy. The syndrome is often caused by an organic brain dysfunction, and generally occurs between the third and twelth month of age.The origins may be prenatal, perinatal or even postnatal.
One out of every 3200 to 3500 children is diagnosed with West Syndrome

Muscular Dystrophy: This term is used to describe a group of more than 30 diseases affecting function of the muscles. MD is a genetic disorder that gradually weakens the body's muscles. It is caused by incorrect or missing genetic information that prevents the body from making the proteins needed to build and maintain healthy muscles. The most common dystrophy is called Duchenne MD.
One out of every 3000 children will develop Duchenne MD

Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors: They are abnormal growths of tissue inside the skull or the bony spinal column, which are the primary components of the central nervous system (CNS) . Tumors may be cancerous or not. The CNS is housed within rigid, bony quarters, so any abnormal growth, whether benign or malignant, can place pressure on sensitive tissues and impair function.
About 3000 children are diagnosed each year in the US with brain and spinal cord tumors

Strokes: There are two forms of stroke, ischemic (when a blockage of a blood vessel supplying the brain occurs) or hemorrhagic (when bleeding occurs into and around the brain) Strokes do not only affect the brain but the entire body, often leaving the child with some form of paralysis. Strokes usually occur before the age of two.
Pediatric strokes are rare, and occur for three out of every 100000 children